Factors influencing students’ intentions toward generative AI tools

An ethics-trust-norms framework

Abstract

This study explores the factors influencing students' intention to use generative AI (Gen AI) tools, such as ChatGPT, based on an extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) that incorporates ethics, trust, and social norms. Going beyond the traditional models that emphasise usefulness and ease of use, this study highlights the growing influence of ethical beliefs, peer influence, and trust in driving adoption behaviour. A survey of 316 students at an international university in Bangladesh revealed that intention is strongly driven by perceived usefulness and ease of use, and intention is a strong predictor of actual usage. However, trust and ethical concerns exert more subtle effects such that trust directly influences usage and moderates the intention-action link, while ethical concerns do not directly predict behaviour but strengthen the intention-to-use connection. Structural equation modelling confirmed multiple mediation paths, highlighting the complexity of GenAI adoption in an educational setting. These results suggest that adoption decisions are not simply technical but are shaped by students' trust in the tool, social signals from peers, and the accuracy and quality of responses. The study offers practical guidance for educators and policymakers seeking to promote ethical GenAI adoption in higher education institutions.