Earth Science Simulations with Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI)

Abstract

This study investigates the practical characteristics of Earth science mock lessons utilising generative artificial intelligence (GenAI). To accomplish this, the researcher developed a one-session Earth science mock lesson employing GenAI, following a five-week preparation phase. Three pre-service teachers from the Earth Science Education Department at University A’s College of Education participated in the study. Data collection included all written materials related to the GenAI-integrated instructional plan (lesson plans, instructional resources, activity sheets, all texts used in interactions with the GenAI, and pre-service teachers' self-assessments following the mock lesson), as well as video footage and audio recordings of the mock lesson, and semi-structured interviews conducted post-lesson. The GenAI-enhanced Earth science lesson plans were analysed using the TIAR evaluation rubric to explore the strengths, considerations, and potential of GenAI-integrated instruction. Furthermore, anticipated learning outcomes were examined using an AI literacy framework. Findings indicate that the Earth science mock lessons demonstrated intentional GenAI utilization regarding learning objectives, instructional models and strategies, and assessment. While the lessons revealed instrumental advantages of GenAI in an instructional context, the need for a critical approach to avoid over-reliance on the technology was emphasized. Anticipated learning outcomes from the mock lessons were found to encompass the affective, behavioural, cognitive, and ethical domains of AI literacy. This study empirically applies GenAI in Earth science education, examining GenAI-related learning outcomes and is anticipated to positively impact pre-service teachers' pedagogical competencies through technology-enhanced instruction.